Cytotoxic Deposition of Ferric Iron on the Respiratory Tract of Welders Exposed to Welding Fumes at Motor Mechanic Site, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Welders are at risk of exposure to various particulate matter and fumes, which can lead to respiratory problems. Cytology is a valuable tool for monitoring the respiratory health of welders and can aid in early disease detection and prevention. Aim: This study aim to investigate the cytologic deposition of ferric iron on the respiratory tract of welders exposed to welding fumes. Methods: A total of twenty-three welders at motor mechanic site, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State were involved in this study. The sputum samples of these welders were collected using sterile container. The collected samples were used to make smears. The smears were stained using Perl’s Prussian blue staining method. The stained slides were viewed under light microscope to assess the presence of iron deposit. Results: Most of the welders (82.6% ) produced mucus sputum while 39.1% had cough. The results also showed that 56.5% of the sputum from the welders-stained Perls Prussian Blue positive which suggests ferric iron deposition in the respiratory tract of the welders while 43.5% of welders’ sputum-stained Perls Prussian Blue negative. These abnormal ferric iron depositions are indicative of potential respiratory health problems associated with welding fume exposure.  This study was limited by not being able to account for welders who had left welding job and smoking status of the participants.  Conclusion: Exposure to welding fumes escalates the risk of respiratory tract ailments. Safety measures are essential to avert occupational health risks in welders.