Assessment of Patients’ Knowledge and Awareness of Referral System Policies in Federal and State Tertiary Healthcare Facilities in Bayelsa State

Abstract

This study evaluates patients’ knowledge of referral policies at federal and state tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State, focusing on their understanding of the referral process and awareness of existing policies. This cross-sectional study focused on new clients at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, and NDUTH in Bayelsa State. It employed a self-designed five-point Likert scale survey. A sample of 276 was calculated using the Cochrane formula, with accidental sampling. Data were analysed using frequency tables and percentages. The study revealed that 63.4% of respondents lacked awareness of the healthcare referral system. Approximately half 
believed referral systems waste time and obstruct access, and the same proportion felt the system does not promote close relationships across healthcare levels. Slightly over 51% disagreed that the system enhances transparency and efficiency. Additionally, 33.7% were uncertain whether a structured policy exists, while 55.4% thought the referral system is inactive in their facility. Patients generally lack awareness of the healthcare referral system, policies, and guidelines. The system does not foster strong links between healthcare levels. Education for patients and the public is essential, and the government should improve facilities and clarify policies to boost access and efficiency.