International Law and National Security: A Comparative Analysis between Nigeria and the United States of America 2015-2025

Abstract

This study examines international law and national security through a comparative analysis of the United States of America and Nigeria from 2015 to 2025. The objective of the study is to ascertain how international law influences national security policies in both countries, identify similarities and differences in their approaches, and explore lessons from the United States that could inform the enhancement of Nigeria’s national security strategies. The theoretical framework for the study is based on Realism Theory. The research methodology employed is a qualitative research design, utilising secondary sources. The study recommends, among other things, that Nigeria should focus on improving interagency cooperation and addressing bureaucratic fragmentation within security institutions. The successful 
implementation of the National Security Strategy (NSS), the National Counterterrorism Strategy (NACTEST), and other programmes depends on clearly defined roles, enhanced civil-military coordination, and sufficient funding to ensure that policies translate into tangible results. The study concludes that the interplay between international law and national security has become increasingly 
critical due to complex interconnections and transnational threats amid ongoing changes in the nature of challenges. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen institutional capacity and improve regional cooperation in Nigeria to foster a more effective integration of international legal obligations into domestic security 
policies to better address current challenges.